Cannabis and psychedelics have been used by mankind for millennia. For soothing purposes, creativity, by shamans to ward off people or other tribes or help someone, the usage of this medicine is huge. It has however, been looked down upon by society. But today society is starting to wake up to these substances and their potential again.
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Cannabis and psychedelics have been used by mankind for millennia. For soothing purposes, creativity, by shamans to ward off people or other tribes or help someone, the usage of this medicine is huge. It has however, been looked down upon by society. But today society is starting to wake up to these substances and their potential again.
Cannabis:
USA – MSOs are vertically integrated companies that cultivate, manufacture, and distribute cannabis across multiple US markets. They do not cross state lines however due to the illegality of the plant in the country so they build self-contained supply chains in each state. US operators have been hindered from being traded on certain stock exchanges due to the illegality of the plant.
CANADA – LPs are licensed by the federal government to produce and sell cannabis across Canada. Since the plant has been legal nationwide since 2018, you see companies that have partnerships or are partly owned by alcohol, tobacco and pharmaceutical giants. The Canadian market has suffered from chronic oversupply, aggressive price compression as well as fierce illicit-market competition. In the US market they are not allowed to touch the plant or operate stores as they are being traded on exchanges which force them to strictly abide by US federal laws.
European companies are primarily focused on the medical cannabis and newly nascent adult-use markets across Europe which offer high regulatory barriers to enter. Europe treats medical cannabis strictly as a pharmaceutical product and to be able to sell within Europe’s borders, the products must be EU-GMP compliant.
Israeli companies are pioneers in cannabis agriculture technology, medical R&D and clinical genetics. The government also holds a uniquely progressive stance on medical cannabis research. The market offers exceptional IP, biotech innovation and advanced cultivation technologies. South American companies are low-cost cultivators and extractors and export globally due to lower land, labor and energy costs by making use of its ideal equatorial climates which allow for year-round outdoor and greenhouse growing conditions.
Australian companies supply their home market with medical cannabis as well as the Asia-Pacific region.
And not to forget about are the companies that either provide software or the material needed for growing or other smoking paraphernelia needed to imbibe the products.
Asian companies listed on the stock market are hard to find.
Thailand is a uniquely interesting market in Asia as it was the first Asian country to remove cannabis from its narcotics list with the intent to boost agriculture and medical tourism. However, due to a lack of initial guardrails, thousands of cafes and weed vending setups flooded tourist strips in Bangkok, Phuket, and Chiang Mai, with cannabis being sold and consumed recreationally out in the open.Following political and social backlash, recreational use has been banned and the country has pivoted to a medical-first framework. Consumers must now undergo a medical consultation to get a prescription for specific conditions like chronic pain, anxiety or insomnia.
Psychedelics: Thanks to the amount of substances and the clinical trials needed, the psychedelic space is much wider in scope. Because of the strength and potential in these compounds, clinical trials are needed to prove the efficacy of these drugs that have been forgotten in the last decades, just as cannabis.
Historical use of psychedelics can be traced back to:
Archaeological excavations in Peru, such as the Guitarrero Caves in the Callejón de Huaylas valley, have uncovered fossilized remains and representations of the San Pedro cactus dating back thousands of years, with traces and context stretching back to roughly 6000 BCE.
For almost 2 millennia, annual initiation rites for the goddesses Demeter and Persephone took place in the town of Eleusis and initiates walked a sacred path from Athens, fasted for days and then drank a secret potion to break their fast. Plato and Aristotle among others participated in the Eleusinian Mysteries where they drank the Kykeon as the potion was called. Homeric texts mention the kykeon as a humble, everyday peasant drink made of barley, water, and herbs. However, to account for the staggering, visionary, and collective mystical experiences that transformed initiates forever, chemist Albert Hofmann, classicist Carl Ruck, and mycologist R. Gordon Wasson proposed a groundbreaking hypothesis: the barley used in the potion was parasitized by ergot, a psychedelic fungus. Modern archaeological discoveries continue to corroborate this remarkable theory.
Aztec and Mayan cultures revered psilocybin-containing mushrooms as teonanácatl, meaning flesh of the gods. Indigenous groups in modern-day Mexico and the American Southwest have also used peyote buttons for millennia, viewing the cactus as a sacred teacher and direct conduit to the creator.
In holy texts from ancient India, you can read about the enigmatic soma which we still don’t know what it consisted of, with scholars debating whether it was the Amanita muscaria mushroom, ephedra or cannabis. Renowned Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi excavated Bronze Age temple complexes dating back to 2000-1700 BC in the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (Turkmenistan/Afghanistan) where he found special ritual vessels, pressing tools, and altars that chemical and botanical residue analysis showed contained traces of ephedrine, cannabis, and poppy. Priests consumed Soma to experience immortality, divine ecstasy and cosmic vision.